Scoring Standards

Idaho’s 7th Grade Direct Writing Assessment Scoring Standard for Expository Writing    2003

Expository Essays

“4”

Advanced (Clear)

“3”

Proficient (Clear)

 

A “4” paper demonstrates advanced control of the conventions of written language as well as unique qualities in style or content.  A “4” paper is clear, organized, easy to understand, and characterized by a unique perspective or a mature approach to the topic.  Its length is appropriate for the writer to demonstrate skills and conventions to fulfill the prompt’s purpose.  A score of “4” indicates that a student’s writing for that particular day and prompt is clearly advanced beyond grade level.

A “3” paper demonstrates an understanding of the organization and development of two-part expository writing.  A “3” indicates that the writer demonstrates proficient control of the conventions of written language at grade level.  Its length is appropriate for the writer to capably demonstrate required skills and conventions to fulfill the prompt’s purpose.  A score of “3” indicates that the student’s writing for that particular day and prompt is at grade level.

Focusing on Six Traits

“4” Papers Exhibit MOST of the Characteristics Listed Below

“3” Papers Exhibit MOST of the Characteristics Listed Below

 

 

 

Ideas

 

Ideas are the story line of the essay that, together with elaboration, anecdotes, and/or selected details, build reader’s understanding.

 

Organization

 

Organization, the internal structure of an essay, includes the lead, close, and linking details.  Together, they create a picture that builds to a turning point in the story.  Transitions within the story assist the reader to avoid getting lost.

§          Inviting introduction

§          May incorporate an advanced or creative approach to prompt

§          Effective topic sentences with supporting details and/or examples

§          Strong sense of audience awareness

§          Higher-level thinking: application, analysis, and/or evaluation

§          Establishes a purpose and maintains a clear focus throughout essay

§          Infrequent stray sentences; every part adds to whole

§          Paragraph organization that enhances the central idea of essay

§          Satisfying conclusion

§          Evident purpose

§          Topic sentences with supporting details and examples, rather than a list

§          Awareness of audience--anticipates and addresses reader’s questions

§          May demonstrate high-level thinking skills

§          Generally stays on topic; some effective transitions

§          Apparent introduction

§          Paragraphs that work together to support whole

§          Logical development without stray sentences or paragraphs

§          Evident conclusion

 

 

 

 

Voice

 

Effective writing holds the reader's attention through the use of appropriate vocabulary.  Descriptive and figurative language makes writing unique by creating mood and feeling for the reader.

 

Word Choice

Word Choice involves selecting words to create the mood, impression, or word picture a writer desires to instill within the reader.

§          Powerful and engaging; holds reader’s attention

§          Reader feels a strong connection with the writer

§          Topic comes to life

§          Confident; readers senses writer’s commitment to topic

§          Clear understanding and use of above grade-level vocabulary

§          Interesting verbs and precise nouns and modifiers

§          Shows rather than tells

§          Use of literary devices, such as personification, similes, metaphors, alliteration, and hyperboles

§          Occasional emerging of strong voice

§          Generally consistent point of view, verb tense, and voice

§          May occasionally drift from topic

§          Writes with ease and confidence; uses a natural voice

§          Appropriate vocabulary for audience—may be mechanical or quite general

§          Appropriate language for audience

§          May attempt to use colorful language or literary devices; may include jargon or clichés

§          May “show” rather “tell”

§          Interesting vocabulary

§          Some variety of verb choices

§          Does not overuse “I” or incorporate other inappropriate redundancies

 

 

Sentence Fluency               

 

Effective construction of a sentence and its rhythm and grace determines sentence fluency.  Aspects of fluency include the following:  logic, phrasing, parallel structure, alliteration, redundancy, and sentence lengths.

 

Conventions

 

Punctuation, spelling, grammar, usage, capitalization, and paragraphing fall under the umbrella of Conventions.

§          Purposeful and varied sentence beginnings

§          Variety of sentence structures and lengths, which include complex sentences

§          An easy flow that invites expressive oral reading

§          Mechanically correct

§          Few surface errors (capitalization, punctuation, and/or spelling)

§          Appropriate indentation and logical paragraphing

§          Strong command of standard written English

§          Varied beginnings among sentences

§          For the most part, a smoothly flowing text

§          Some variety among sentence types, structures, and lengths

§          Paragraphing

§          Demonstrates understanding of mechanical correctness

§          Surface errors (capitalization, punctuation, and/or spelling) do not detract from meaning or readability

§          Command of standard written English

§          Correctly uses and spells such priority words as the following:  there, their, they’re to, two, too, your, you’re, its, it’s, then, than, which, witch, and a lot. 


 

Idaho’s 7th Grade Direct Writing Assessment Scoring Standard for Expository Writing    2003

Expository Essays

“2”

Basic (Caution--Not passing)

“1”

Below Basic (Alert)

 

 

A “2” paper demonstrates some degree of basic expository writing skills, but is clearly flawed.  A “2” paper reveals one or more of the following weaknesses:

1.        Inadequate organization

2.        Inadequate development of events and details,

3.        Limited or inappropriate word choices

4.        A pattern or accumulation of errors in mechanics, usage, sentence structure, or word choices. 

A score of ‘2” indicates that the student’s writing for that day and prompt is developing toward proficiency at grade level.

 

A “1” paper demonstrates fundamental writing deficiencies and exhibits one or more of the following: 

1.      Serious and persistent writing errors

2.      Incoherency

3.      Lack of development. 

4.      One or more of the following:

     *blank; illegible; too brief to assess; *written in a language other than English; *written using a medium other than black ink pen; written to a topic other than specified in prompt; written in mode other than expository

A score of “1” indicates that the student’s writing for that day and prompt is minimal at grade level.

Focusing on Six Traits

“2” Papers Exhibit MOST of the Characteristics Listed Below

“1” Papers Exhibit MOST of the Characterizes Listed Below

 

Ideas

 

Ideas are the story line of the essay that, together with elaboration, anecdotes, and/or selected details, build reader’s understanding.

 

ORGANIZATION

 

Organization, the internal structure of an essay, includes the lead, close, and linking details.  Together, they create a picture that builds to a turning point in the story.  Transitions within the story assist the reader to avoid getting lost.

§       May lack a sense of purpose

§       Limited awareness of audience

§       Thought processes may be difficult to follow

§       Supporting details may be limited, omitted, or presented as a list

§       Shift or changes in topic

§       Ideas may not flow smoothly; disconnected paragraphs

§       Transitions may be lacking or do not unify essay

§       Text may be repetitious

§       Redundant sentence patterns, similar beginnings,

§       Weak or ineffective introduction

§   Unclear topic that lacks development

§   Information that is limited with little or not attention to detail

§   Inadequate length for development

§   Difficult to follow thought processes

§   Possible attempts at introduction and/or conclusion

§   Omitted or undeveloped paragraphing

§   Transitions between ideas that are confusing or nonexistent

 

Voice

 

Effective writing holds the reader's attention through the use of appropriate vocabulary.  Descriptive and figurative language makes writing unique by creating mood and feeling for the reader.

Word Choice

Word Choice involves selecting words to create the mood, impression, or word picture a writer desires to instill within the reader.

 

§          Inconsistent, inappropriate or lack of voice

§          Tells rather than shows

§          Inappropriate or ineffective word choices

§          Limited vocabulary that may fall below grade level

§          Simplistic style:

o         Few precise nouns and specific modifiers

o         Passive and/or simplistic verbs

o         Too frequent use of “I”

o         Frequent use of “would” and “could

§       Inconsistency among verb tenses

§   Lack of or monotonous voice

§   Requires rereading for understanding

§   Restricted vocabulary:

o         Inadequate word pool

o         Lacks language development

o         Incorrect word choices

§       Overuse of such connectives as “and,” “and so,” but then,”  “and then,” and “because.”

 

Sentence Fluency               

 

Effective construction of a sentence and its rhythm and grace determines sentence fluency.  Aspects of fluency include the following:  logic, phrasing, parallel structure, alliteration, redundancy, and sentence lengths.

 

Conventions

 

Punctuation, spelling, grammar, usage, capitalization, and paragraphing fall under the umbrella of Conventions.

 

§          Attempts varying sentence beginnings

§          Patterns of short, simple sentences

§          Choppy or awkward sentences

§          Fragmented or run-on sentences

§          Evident paragraphing

§          Surface and/or mechanical errors detract

§          Errors in grammar and punctuation and spelling may result in need for rereading for clarity

§          Few spelling errors in common words

§          Limited command of standard English

§       Choppy, incomplete, rambling, and/or awkward sentences

§       Unnatural-sounding phrasing

§       Indistinguishable sentences

§       Little or no separation of paragraphs

§       Glaring surface and /or mechanical errors that hinder and/or detract from meaning and readability

§       Requires rereading due to word usage, grammar, or punctuation errors

§       Frequent spelling errors, including misspellings of common words

§       Misuse and/or little use of capitalization and/or punctuation