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The National Assessment Governing Board updated the science assessment in 2009 to keep the content current with key developments in science, curriculum standards, assessments, and research.
The new framework organizes science content into three broad content areas:
Physical science includes concepts related to properties and changes of matter, forms of energy, energy transfer and conservation, position and motion of objects, and forces affecting motion.
Life science includes concepts related to organization and development, matter and energy transformations, interdependence, heredity and reproduction, and evolution and diversity.
Earth and space sciences include concepts related to objects in the universe, the history of the Earth, properties of Earth materials, tectonics, energy in Earth systems, climate and weather, and biogeochemical cycles.
The 2009 science assessment was composed of 143 questions at grade 4, 162 at grade 8, and 179 at grade 12. Individual students responded only to a portion of the items, which included both multiple-choice questions and questions that required the student to compose a written answer.
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Idaho students performing "at or above NAEP Basic" are meeting or exceeding grade-level expectations.
Grade 4
Grade 8
| GRADE 4 | Idaho | National Public | Probability |
| Total Science / Composite | 154 | 149 | p < .05 |
| Physical Science | 154 | 149 | p < .05 |
| Life Science | 153 | 149 | p < .05 |
| Earth and Space Science | 153 | 149 |
p < .05 |
| GRADE 8 | Idaho | National Public | Probability |
| Total Science / Composite | 158 | 149 | p < .05 |
| Physical Science | 155 | 149 | p < .05 |
| Life Science | 157 | 149 | p < .05 |
| Earth and Space Science | 159 | 149 | p < .05 |
| Note: Scores across strands or grade levels should not be compared. The 154 in Physical Science, for example, may or may not have the same meaning as the 154 in Life Science. Each strand is reported on a separate grade-level scale. | |||
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Since the NAEP 2009 Science assessment used a new framework with updated content and new performance standards, no trend results are available for NAEP 2009 science.
In 2009, NAEP assessed reading (grades 4, 8 and 12), mathematics (grades 4, 8, and 12), and science (grades 4 and 8). It is inappropriate to compare the scale scores across the three subjects, but transforming scale score results to national percentile ranks does permit such comparisons with caution.

For NAEP 2009, Idaho fourth-graders had a national percentile rank of 55 in science, 53 in reading, and 50 in mathematics.
For NAEP 2009, Idaho eighth-graders had a national percentile rank of 59 for science, 56 for mathematics, and 52 for reading.
Idaho's best performances for NAEP 2009 assessments for both grade 4 and grade 8 was in science.
Note: Idaho's eighth grade national percentile rank of 59 in science means that Idaho's "average student" (i.e., the average science score for Idaho's eighth-graders) was the same as or higher than 59 percent of the students in the nation's public schools.
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